![]() Given that δ13Cplant has been found to be influenced by local environmental parameters, we tested the isotopic response of modern plants to the main regional climate-forcing agents by sampling plant communities on a rainfall gradient in Syria and measuring the δ13C values by IRMS techniques. The present work aims to extend the archaeobotanical approach by using carbon isotope analysis of ancient plant remains to infer paleorainfall trends. Climate change has been found to be the main driving force for the modifications in plant cover. The relationship between natural resources and human adaptation has long been investigated by studying plant remains from archaeological deposits. For this reason, the assessment of paleorainfall is considered fundamental to understand the influence of short-term climate fluctuations on ancient human communities, especially in those areas characterised by critical environmental conditions such as the steppes of the Near East. All rights reserved.Īgricultural potential is commonly regarded as a key factor for the development of pre-modern complex societies in sub-arid regions. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. fowleri from the environment may aid ecological studies and enable intervention to prevent PAM cases. The availability of a rapid, reliable and sensitive one-step nested PCR method for the direct detection of N. fowleri or other thermophilic Naegleria spp. Although culture of samples yielded numerous thermophilic free-living amoebae, none were N. Here, the assay detected N, fowleri in 18/109 river water samples associated with a nuclear power plant in South West France and 0/10 from a similar site in the UK. Here, a nested one-step PCR test, in conjunction with a direct DNA extraction from water or sediment material, was developed for the rapid and reliable detection of N. fowleri but requires several days incubation and subsequent biochemical or molecular tests to confirm identification. Culture of environmental material is the conventional method for the isolation of N. ![]() fowleri in the interests of preventive public health microbiology. ![]() It is, therefore, important to identify sites containing N. Infection typically results from bathing in contaminated water and is usually fatal. The organism is pathogenic to man causing fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Naegleria fowleri is a small free-living amoebo-flagellate found in natural and manmade thermal aquatic habitats worldwide. ![]()
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